GK Questions for Class 7 with Answers – General Knowledge Questions

Answer: B

Explanation: DNA is the genetic material found in the nucleus of every living cell. It carries hereditary information from parents to offspring. Its double helix structure was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. DNA is made up of four bases — Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine.

Answer: C

Explanation: Mitochondria are organelles found in plant and animal cells that produce energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) through cellular respiration. They have their own DNA and are believed to have originated from ancient bacteria. Cells that need more energy like muscle cells have more mitochondria.

Answer: B

Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process where green plants use sunlight, water from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air to produce glucose and oxygen. The green pigment chlorophyll in leaves absorbs sunlight. The equation is: Carbon dioxide + Water + Sunlight → Glucose + Oxygen. This process is the basis of all life on Earth.

Answer: C

Explanation: Water is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. It is the most essential substance for all living organisms. Water covers about 71% of Earth's surface but only 3% is freshwater and less than 1% is accessible as drinking water. Water exists in three states - solid (ice), liquid (water) and gas (steam).

Answer: C

Explanation: Earth is called the Blue Planet because 71% of its surface is covered by water which appears blue from space. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only planet known to support life. Earth has one natural satellite — the Moon. Earth's atmosphere is made of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen and other gases.

Answer: B

Explanation: Light travels at approximately 2,99,792 km per second in vacuum which is rounded to 3 lakh km per second. Nothing in the universe travels faster than light. One light year is the distance light travels in one year — approximately 9.46 trillion km. Sunlight takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth.

Answer: B

Explanation: Red blood cells (RBCs) contain a protein called haemoglobin which binds with oxygen in the lungs and carries it to all tissues and organs. They also carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be exhaled. Normal RBC count is 4.5 to 5.5 million per microlitre. Iron deficiency reduces RBC production causing anaemia.

Answer: D

Explanation: Ampere (A) is the SI unit of electric current named after French physicist André-Marie Ampère. Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. Other electrical units include Volt (unit of voltage), Ohm (unit of resistance) and Watt (unit of power). Household electricity in India runs at 220 volts.

Answer: C

Explanation: Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through tiny pores called stomata found mainly on the underside of leaves. During photosynthesis CO2 is combined with water using sunlight to produce glucose. Oxygen is released as a byproduct making plants essential for maintaining oxygen levels in the atmosphere for all living beings.

Answer: B

Explanation: A newborn baby has about 270-300 bones but many fuse together as the child grows. By adulthood the human body has 206 bones. The femur (thigh bone) is the longest and strongest bone. The smallest bones are in the ear — malleus, incus and stapes. Bones support the body, protect organs and work with muscles for movement.

Answer: C

Explanation: Tooth enamel is the hardest substance in the human body. It is the outer covering of teeth and is made mostly of calcium phosphate. Enamel protects teeth from decay but cannot repair itself once damaged unlike bones. This is why dental hygiene is important. Diamond is the hardest natural substance overall but in the human body enamel tops the list.

Answer: D

Explanation: When skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from sunlight the body produces Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption helping build strong bones and teeth. Deficiency of Vitamin D causes rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults. Vitamin D also supports the immune system. Morning sunlight between 7-10 AM is the best source of Vitamin D.

Answer: C

Explanation: Gold's chemical symbol Au comes from the Latin word Aurum meaning gold. Gold has atomic number 79 and is a noble metal that does not rust or corrode. It is highly malleable, ductile and an excellent conductor of electricity. Gold has been used as currency, jewellery and in electronics for thousands of years. India is one of the world's largest consumers of gold.

Answer: C

Explanation: Nitrogen makes up approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere followed by oxygen (21%), argon (0.9%) and carbon dioxide (0.04%). Despite being so abundant nitrogen is mostly inert and cannot be directly used by most living organisms. Certain bacteria called nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants. This is called the nitrogen cycle.

Answer: C

Explanation: The liver produces bile — a digestive fluid stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to help digest fats. The liver is the largest internal organ of the body weighing about 1.5 kg. It performs over 500 functions including detoxification of blood, synthesis of proteins, metabolism of nutrients and production of blood clotting factors.

Answer: C

Explanation: Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution and is called the Father of the Indian Constitution. He was a jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who fought for the rights of Dalits. He was India's first Law Minister. The Constitution he helped draft is the world's longest written constitution with 448 Articles and 12 Schedules.

Answer: B

Explanation: India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947 after nearly 200 years of colonial rule. Jawaharlal Nehru became India's first Prime Minister and hoisted the national flag at Red Fort Delhi. The date was chosen by the last British Viceroy Lord Mountbatten. Independence Day is celebrated every year on August 15 as a national holiday.

Answer: C

Explanation: Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in Agra between 1632 and 1653 in memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal who died during childbirth. About 20,000 workers and artisans worked on it for over 20 years. It is made of white marble inlaid with precious stones and is considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Answer: B

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru served as India's first Prime Minister from August 15, 1947 until his death on May 27, 1964 — a period of 17 years. He is known as Pandit Nehru and Chacha Nehru. He shaped modern India's democratic institutions, foreign policy (Non-Aligned Movement), industrial base and scientific institutions. His birthday November 14 is celebrated as Children's Day.

Answer: B

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi led the Dandi March from Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad to Dandi village in Gujarat from March 12 to April 6, 1930 covering 388 km. At Dandi Gandhi broke the salt law by making salt from seawater defying the British monopoly on salt production. This act of civil disobedience inspired millions of Indians to join the freedom movement.

Answer: C

Explanation: Babur founded the Mughal Empire in India in 1526 after defeating Ibrahim Lodi at the First Battle of Panipat. Babur was a descendant of Timur (Tamerlane) and Genghis Khan. He introduced gunpowder weapons to Indian warfare. The Mughal Empire lasted until 1857. Great Mughal rulers include Humayun, Akbar (Babur's grandson), Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb.

Answer: B

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose, popularly known as Netaji, gave the slogan Jai Hind meaning Victory to India. He founded the Indian National Army (INA or Azad Hind Fauj) to fight the British for Indian independence. He famously said Give me blood and I will give you freedom. Netaji is one of India's greatest freedom fighters and his birthday January 23 is celebrated as Parakram Diwas.

Answer: A

Explanation: The Indian National Congress (INC) was founded on December 28, 1885 in Bombay (now Mumbai) by Allan Octavian Hume, Dadabhai Naoroji and Dinshaw Wacha. It became the main political organisation leading India's independence movement. Notable INC leaders include Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

Answer: B

Explanation: On April 13, 1919 British General Reginald Dyer ordered troops to open fire without warning on a peaceful public gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab. Hundreds of unarmed men, women and children were killed and thousands injured. The massacre outraged the nation and strengthened the independence movement. Rabindranath Tagore returned his knighthood in protest.

Answer: B

Explanation: Akbar was the grandson of Babur and son of Humayun. He is considered the greatest Mughal ruler for his military conquests, administrative reforms and religious tolerance. He introduced Din-i-Ilahi a spiritual movement promoting harmony among religions. He abolished the jizya tax on non-Muslims and had Hindu Rajput generals in his army. His court had the Navaratnas (Nine Gems) including Birbal and Tansen.

Answer: B

Explanation: Jana Gana Mana was written by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore in Bengali in 1911. The Constituent Assembly adopted it as India's national anthem on January 24, 1950 two days before Republic Day. The full version has five stanzas but only the first stanza is sung as the national anthem. Its duration is approximately 52 seconds. Tagore also wrote Bangladesh's national anthem Amar Sonar Bangla.

Answer: B

Explanation: Bahadur Shah Zafar II was the last Mughal Emperor. He was a poet and was also known as Zafar (meaning victory). He became a symbolic leader of the 1857 uprising (First War of Indian Independence) against the British. After the uprising failed the British exiled him to Rangoon (now Yangon, Myanmar) where he died in 1862. The Mughal Empire effectively ended with him.

Answer: B

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942 at Gowalia Tank Maidan in Bombay with the slogan Do or Die. It was India's most powerful mass movement against British rule. The British arrested Gandhi and all Congress leaders immediately. Despite massive repression Indians across the country participated in strikes, protests and acts of civil disobedience.

Answer: B

Explanation: Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi was one of the greatest heroes of the 1857 uprising against British rule. She refused to surrender Jhansi to the British and fought bravely. She is remembered as a symbol of courage and patriotism. She died in battle in Gwalior in 1858 at the young age of 29. Her famous quote was I shall not surrender my Jhansi.

Answer: C

Explanation: Christopher Columbus, an Italian explorer sailing under the Spanish flag, reached the Americas on October 12, 1492 landing in the Bahamas. He made four voyages to the Americas between 1492 and 1504. Columbus called the native people Indians mistakenly thinking he had reached India. The continent was later named America after another explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Indigenous peoples had already lived there for thousands of years.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean covering about 165 million square kilometres — more than all of Earth's land area combined. It contains over half of the world's oceanic water. The Mariana Trench in the Pacific is the deepest point on Earth at about 11,000 metres. The Pacific Ocean borders Asia and Australia on the west and North and South America on the east.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Ganga is the longest river in India flowing 2,525 km from the Gangotri glacier in Uttarakhand to the Bay of Bengal. It is also India's most sacred river worshipped as Mother Ganga. The Ganga basin is home to about 40% of India's population. Major cities on the Ganga include Haridwar, Varanasi, Prayagraj and Patna. The Yamuna, Ghaghara, Gandak and Son are major tributaries.

Answer: C

Explanation: Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain at 8,849 metres (29,032 feet) above sea level located on the Nepal-Tibet border in the Himalayas. It was first climbed by Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa (Nepal/India) on May 29, 1953. The mountain is called Sagarmatha in Nepali and Chomolungma in Tibetan. Thousands of climbers have summited Everest since 1953.

Answer: C

Explanation: Canberra is the capital of Australia built specifically as a capital city after Sydney and Melbourne both wanted to be the capital. A compromise was reached and Canberra was chosen as a planned city between them. Many people mistakenly think Sydney is Australia's capital because it is the largest and most famous city. Australia is both a country and a continent surrounded by the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Answer: D

Explanation: Gujarat has India's longest state coastline of approximately 1,600 km including the Gulf of Kutch and Gulf of Khambhat. India's total coastline is about 7,516 km. The states with coastlines are Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha and West Bengal. Island territories like Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep also have significant coastlines.

Answer: A

Explanation: The Tropic of Cancer is an imaginary circle of latitude at approximately 23.5° North. It marks the northernmost point where the sun appears directly overhead during the summer solstice (June 21). The Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 Indian states — Gujarat, Rajasthan, MP, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram. It also passes through China, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Mexico.

Answer: C

Explanation: Vatican City is the world's smallest country by both area (0.44 sq km) and population (about 800). It is located within Rome, Italy and is the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church and the residence of the Pope. Despite its tiny size Vatican City has its own government, currency (Euro), postal service, newspaper, radio station and television. It is recognised as an independent state by the United Nations.

Answer: B

Explanation: The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert covering about 9.2 million square kilometres across North Africa spanning 11 countries. It is larger than the entire country of USA. The Sahara is known for its extreme heat reaching up to 58°C and vast sand dunes called ergs. However only about 25% of the Sahara is sand — the rest is rocky plateaus and gravel. The Nile River and Atlas Mountains border parts of the Sahara.

Answer: C

Explanation: Rajasthan is the largest Indian state by area covering 3,42,239 square kilometres. It is home to the Thar Desert, majestic forts and palaces, and a rich cultural heritage. Major cities include Jaipur (capital known as Pink City), Jodhpur (Blue City), Udaipur (City of Lakes) and Ajmer. Rajasthan borders Pakistan to the west making it strategically important.

Answer: D

Explanation: The Amazon River is the world's largest river by water volume and flows approximately 6,400 km through South America mainly through Brazil with parts in Peru and Colombia. The Amazon carries about 20% of all freshwater that flows into the world's oceans. The Amazon rainforest surrounding the river is the world's largest tropical rainforest covering 5.5 million sq km and is often called the Lungs of the Earth.

Answer: C

Explanation: Tokyo is the capital and largest city of Japan with a population of about 14 million in the city and 38 million in the greater metropolitan area making it one of the world's most populous cities. Japan is an island nation in East Asia known for its technology, culture, anime, cherry blossoms and Mount Fuji. Japan is called the Land of the Rising Sun and its flag shows a red circle (the sun) on a white background.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Kosi River is called the Sorrow of Bihar because it frequently causes devastating floods in the state by changing its course. Over the past 250 years the Kosi has shifted its course about 120 km westward. It originates in Nepal in the Himalayas and joins the Ganga in Bihar. Floods by the Kosi have destroyed thousands of villages and displaced millions of people historically.

Answer: D

Explanation: Chilika Lake is India's largest coastal lagoon and saltwater lake located in Odisha. It covers about 1,165 square km. Chilika is a Ramsar wetland of international importance and hosts millions of migratory birds every winter including flamingos, pelicans and herons. It is also home to the Irrawaddy dolphin. Chilika supports the livelihoods of about 200,000 fisherfolk living in surrounding villages.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Deccan Plateau is the largest plateau in India covering most of peninsular India south of the Vindhya Mountains spanning about 5 lakh square kilometres across multiple states. It is a triangular plateau bounded by the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. The Deccan Plateau is rich in minerals including coal, iron ore and diamonds. The name Deccan comes from Sanskrit Dakshina meaning south.

Answer: D

Explanation: The Nile is approximately 6,650 km long making it the world's longest river. It flows northward through northeast Africa passing through Uganda, Sudan and Egypt before emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile has been the lifeline of Egyptian civilisation for over 5,000 years enabling agriculture in an otherwise desert landscape. The Amazon River in South America is longer by some measurements and has a far greater water volume.

Answer: B

Explanation: The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land. It was adopted on November 26, 1949 and came into effect on January 26, 1950 (Republic Day). It establishes India as a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular and Democratic Republic. It is the world's longest written constitution with originally 395 Articles and 8 Schedules now expanded to 448 Articles and 12 Schedules through amendments.

Answer: A

Explanation: The six Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Part III of the Indian Constitution are: Right to Equality (Articles 14-18), Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22), Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24), Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28), Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30) and Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32). These rights are justiciable meaning courts can enforce them.

Answer: B

Explanation: The Lok Sabha is the lower house of India's Parliament with 543 elected members directly voted by citizens. The maximum strength can be 552 including 2 nominated Anglo-Indian members though this provision was removed in 2020. Members of Lok Sabha are elected for 5-year terms. The Speaker presides over the Lok Sabha. Uttar Pradesh sends the most MPs with 80 seats.

Answer: C

Explanation: Droupadi Murmu became the 15th President of India on July 25, 2022. She is the first tribal woman and the second woman to become President of India. She belongs to the Santali tribal community from Odisha. The President is the constitutional head of India elected by an Electoral College of elected members of both Houses of Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies. The President's term is five years.

Answer: A

Explanation: Panchayati Raj is India's system of local self-governance in rural areas established under the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act 1992. It has three tiers — Gram Panchayat (village level), Panchayat Samiti (block level) and Zila Parishad (district level). The Gram Sabha (all voters of the village) is the foundation. April 24 is celebrated as National Panchayati Raj Day.

Answer: B

Explanation: India's national emblem is adapted from the Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka at Sarnath. It shows four lions (only three visible from front) standing back to back on an Abacus decorated with a bull, horse, elephant and lion. Below is the Dharma Chakra (Wheel of Law). The motto Satyameva Jayate (Truth alone triumphs) from the Mundaka Upanishad is inscribed below in Devanagari script.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President of India based on the recommendation of the Supreme Court collegium. By convention the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court is appointed as Chief Justice. The Supreme Court has 34 judges including the Chief Justice. Article 124 of the Constitution deals with the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India.

Answer: B

Explanation: The Rajya Sabha is the upper house (Council of States) of India's Parliament with a maximum strength of 250 members — 238 elected by state/UT legislators and 12 nominated by the President for their expertise in arts, literature, science and social service. Rajya Sabha members serve 6-year staggered terms with one-third retiring every two years. The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha.

Answer: B

Explanation: India is a secular country meaning the government does not favour any particular religion and every citizen has the right to practice, profess and propagate their religion. The word secular was added to the Preamble by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976. India has citizens from Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Sikh, Buddhist, Jain and other faiths who enjoy equal rights under the Constitution.

Answer: C

Explanation: Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) are in Part IV of the Indian Constitution (Articles 36-51). They are guidelines for central and state governments to achieve socio-economic justice. Unlike Fundamental Rights they are not justiciable (courts cannot enforce them directly) but they are fundamental to governance. They include right to work, equal pay, free education for children, living wages and protection of environment.

Answer: C

Explanation: Sachin Tendulkar is called the God of Cricket for his unmatched batting records. He scored 100 international centuries — 51 in Tests and 49 in ODIs. He holds records for most runs in both Test (15,921) and ODI (18,426) cricket. He played for 24 years from 1989 to 2013. He won the Bharat Ratna in 2014 becoming the first sportsperson to receive India's highest civilian honour.

Answer: B

Explanation: The Durand Cup is Asia's oldest football tournament established in 1888 by Sir Mortimer Durand in Shimla, British India. It is one of the oldest football tournaments in the world after the FA Cup (1871) and Scottish Cup (1874). The tournament was originally for British military teams and later included Indian clubs. It is now one of India's most prestigious club football competitions.

Answer: B

Explanation: Abhinav Bindra won India's first individual Olympic gold medal in 10m Air Rifle shooting at the Beijing Olympics 2008. He scored 700.5 points in the final. Before Bindra India had only won team gold medals in field hockey at the Olympics. Bindra trained extensively in Germany and built a personal shooting range at his home in Chandigarh. He wrote a book called A Shot at History about his journey.

Answer: C

Explanation: Field Hockey is the national sport of India. India has won the most Olympic gold medals in hockey — 8 gold medals between 1928 and 1980 making it the most successful hockey nation in Olympic history. After a long gap India won bronze at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics ending a 41-year Olympic medal drought. The Hockey India League has revived interest in hockey across the country.

Answer: C

Explanation: Neeraj Chopra is India's celebrated javelin thrower from Haryana who won gold at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics with a throw of 87.58 metres — India's first ever Olympic gold medal in athletics. He also won silver at Paris 2024 Olympics and gold at the 2023 World Athletics Championships making him the first Indian world athletics champion. He was awarded the Khel Ratna and Padma Shri.

Answer: C

Explanation: A cricket team has 11 players. In Test cricket each team plays two innings each with a team batting until 10 wickets fall. Cricket originated in England in the 16th century and is now most popular in South Asia, Australia, England, West Indies and Southern Africa. The ICC (International Cricket Council) governs world cricket. India's BCCI is the world's richest cricket board.

Answer: D

Explanation: Brazil has won the FIFA World Cup a record 5 times in 1958, 1962, 1970, 1994 and 2002. Brazil is the only nation to have participated in every single FIFA World Cup since the first in 1930. Germany and Italy have each won 4 times. Argentina won their third title at the 2022 Qatar World Cup under Lionel Messi. Brazil's golden era featured legends like Pelé, Ronaldo and Ronaldinho.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna is India's highest sporting honour given for spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a period of four years. It was renamed from Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna to Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna in 2021. Recipients get a medal, certificate and cash prize of Rs 25 lakh. Abhinav Bindra, Saina Nehwal and Neeraj Chopra are past recipients.

Answer: C

Explanation: The 2028 Summer Olympics will be held in Los Angeles, California, USA from July 14 to July 30, 2028. This will be the third time Los Angeles hosts the Summer Olympics after 1932 and 1984. India is targeting significantly improved performance at LA 2028 through the Khelo India Mission and Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS). Breaking (breakdancing) will be removed while baseball/softball and cricket will be added.

Answer: B

Explanation: Saikhom Mirabai Chanu is India's celebrated weightlifter from Nongpok Kakching village in Manipur. She won silver at Tokyo 2020 Olympics in 49kg category. She is a two-time Commonwealth Games gold medallist (Gold Coast 2018 and Birmingham 2022). She inspired millions of Indians when she lifted India's first medal at Tokyo 2020. She was named India's flag bearer for CWG 2026 in Glasgow.

Answer: A

Explanation: The CPU is the brain of a computer that executes all program instructions. It performs arithmetic calculations, logical operations and manages data input and output. Modern CPUs have multiple cores allowing them to process several tasks simultaneously. CPU speed is measured in GHz (gigahertz). Common CPU manufacturers include Intel (Core i series) and AMD (Ryzen series). Faster CPUs make computers run programs more quickly.

Answer: B

Explanation: Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an English mathematician and inventor who designed the first mechanical computer called the Analytical Engine in the 1830s. Though it was never completed in his lifetime it contained all the basic elements of a modern computer — input, memory, processor and output. Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm for Babbage's machine and is considered the first computer programmer.

Answer: A

Explanation: The World Wide Web (WWW) was invented by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN. It is a system of interlinked web pages and resources accessed through the internet using a web browser. The internet is the global network of computers while the WWW is a service that runs on the internet. Berners-Lee made the WWW freely available to all without patents making it the foundation of the information age.

Answer: B

Explanation: RAM is the short-term memory of a computer that temporarily stores data currently being used by the processor. It is much faster than permanent storage (hard drive/SSD). When you open a program it loads from storage into RAM for faster access. More RAM allows running more programs simultaneously. RAM is volatile meaning all data is lost when the computer is switched off unlike permanent storage.

Answer: C

Explanation: PDF (Portable Document Format) was developed by Adobe Systems in 1993. It is a file format that preserves the original formatting of a document regardless of what software, hardware or operating system is used to view it. PDFs are widely used for sharing documents like government forms, books, reports and study materials. Adobe Acrobat Reader is the most common free software for opening PDF files.

Answer: A

Explanation: HTML is the standard language used to create web pages. It uses tags like heading, paragraph and link to structure content on the internet. Tim Berners-Lee created HTML along with the World Wide Web in 1991. Every website you visit is built using HTML as its foundation often combined with CSS (for design) and JavaScript (for interactivity). HTML5 is the current version with advanced features.

Answer: C

Explanation: A computer virus is malicious software (malware) that attaches itself to programs and replicates when those programs are run. Viruses can delete files, steal data, slow down computers and spread to other computers through emails, downloads and infected storage devices. Antivirus software detects and removes viruses. Common types of malware include viruses, worms, trojans, ransomware and spyware.

Answer: B

Explanation: USB is a standard interface used to connect devices like keyboards, mice, printers, cameras, hard drives and smartphones to computers. The USB standard was introduced in 1996 to simplify connections between devices and computers. USB versions include USB 2.0, USB 3.0 and USB-C. USB also provides power to charge devices. The USB-C (Type-C) connector is now becoming the universal standard for charging phones and laptops.

Answer: B

Explanation: Email (electronic mail) allows users to send and receive text messages, files and photos over the internet instantly to anyone anywhere in the world. Email was invented by Ray Tomlinson in 1971 who introduced the @ symbol to separate username from domain name. Popular email services include Gmail (Google), Outlook (Microsoft) and Yahoo Mail. An email address format is username@domainname.com.

Answer: C

Explanation: The internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that allows billions of people to communicate and share information. It originated from ARPANET developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s. Today the internet supports communication (email, video calls), entertainment (streaming, gaming), education (e-learning), commerce (online shopping) and information access. India has over 900 million internet users — second only to China.

Answer: A

Explanation: Narendra Modi is India's 14th Prime Minister serving since May 26, 2014. He was re-elected in 2019 and 2024 winning three consecutive terms. He leads the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and the NDA coalition. Before becoming PM he served as Chief Minister of Gujarat for 13 years from 2001 to 2014. He was born on September 17, 1950 in Vadnagar, Gujarat and comes from an OBC family.

Answer: C

Explanation: ISRO was founded on August 15, 1969 and is headquartered in Bengaluru, Karnataka. It conducts space research, launches satellites for communication, earth observation and navigation, and develops rockets. Major achievements include Chandrayaan-1 (2008), Mars Orbiter Mission Mangalyaan (2014), Chandrayaan-3 lunar south pole landing (2023) and SpaDeX space docking (2025). ISRO's current chairman is V. Narayanan (2025).

Answer: A

Explanation: Chandrayaan-3 was India's third lunar mission launched on July 14, 2023. It successfully soft-landed on the Moon's south pole on August 23, 2023 making India the first country to achieve this feat. The lander was named Vikram and the rover was named Pragyan. August 23 is now celebrated as National Space Day in India. The south pole is significant as it may contain water ice in permanently shadowed craters.

Answer: B

Explanation: UPI was launched in 2016 by NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India). It allows instant bank-to-bank money transfers using a mobile phone through apps like Google Pay, PhonePe, Paytm and BHIM. No cash or card is needed — just a smartphone and bank account. India processes over 100 billion UPI transactions annually making it the world's largest real-time payments system. Several countries including UAE, Singapore and France have adopted UPI.

Answer: B

Explanation: Make in India was launched by PM Modi on September 25, 2014. It aims to transform India into a global manufacturing powerhouse by encouraging both domestic and foreign companies to manufacture in India. It covers 25 sectors including automobiles, aerospace, defence, electronics, food processing and textiles. The scheme has helped attract billions in foreign direct investment and created millions of jobs in manufacturing.

Answer: C

Explanation: G20 is an international forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union representing the world's largest economies. G20 members account for about 85% of global GDP, 75% of international trade and 67% of the world's population. India hosted the G20 Summit in New Delhi in September 2023 under the theme Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam (One Earth One Family One Future). South Africa held the G20 Presidency in 2025.

Answer: A

Explanation: Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) was launched by PM Modi on October 2, 2014 — the birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. Phase 1 (2014-2019) focused on building over 10 crore toilets and making India Open Defecation Free (ODF). Phase 2 (2020-2025) focuses on ODF Plus covering solid waste management, wastewater treatment and making villages clean and green. Swachh Survekshan ranks cities and villages for cleanliness annually.

Answer: C

Explanation: Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) launched in 2018 is the world's largest government-funded health insurance scheme. It provides cashless hospitalisation cover of Rs 5 lakh per family per year at network hospitals. Over 55 crore beneficiaries from poor and vulnerable families are covered. In 2024 the scheme was extended to all senior citizens above 70 years regardless of income.

Answer: A

Explanation: NATO is a military alliance of 32 countries from North America and Europe formed in 1949 for collective defence. NATO's founding principle is that an attack on one member is an attack on all (Article 5). Headquarters is in Brussels, Belgium. India is not a NATO member but has defence partnerships with several NATO countries. NATO has expanded eastward after Russia's invasion of Ukraine with Finland and Sweden joining in 2023-2024.

Answer: B

Explanation: The United Nations (UN) was established on October 24, 1945 after World War II with 51 founding members. Today it has 193 member states. The UN has six main organs including the General Assembly, Security Council, International Court of Justice and Secretariat. The UN Secretary General is António Guterres of Portugal. India is a founding member and supports a permanent seat on the UN Security Council.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Bengal Tiger was declared India's national animal in 1973 when Project Tiger was launched. The Bengal Tiger is an endangered species found in India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Bhutan. India has over 3,600 wild tigers — about 75% of the world's total tiger population. Project Tiger has successfully increased India's tiger count from 1,411 in 2006 to 3,682 in 2022 across 55 tiger reserves.

Answer: A

Explanation: The Indian Peacock (Pavo cristatus) was declared India's national bird in 1963. The male peacock is known for its magnificent tail feathers that it fans out in a beautiful display. The peacock is associated with Indian culture, mythology and religion — Lord Krishna wears a peacock feather. Peacocks are found across the Indian subcontinent. The peacock is also the national bird of Myanmar.

Answer: B

Explanation: The Lotus was declared India's national flower. It is an aquatic plant that blooms in muddy water symbolising purity, enlightenment and divine beauty. The Lotus is sacred in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. It is associated with deities like Lakshmi, Saraswati and Brahma. The Lotus can survive drought and frost and continues to bloom even in adverse conditions symbolising resilience.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Mango is India's national fruit. India is the world's largest mango producer accounting for about 45% of global production. There are over 1,500 varieties of mango in India with Alphonso (Hapus), Dasheri, Langra and Kesar being the most popular. Mangoes have been cultivated in India for over 4,000 years. The mango tree is also considered sacred and its leaves are used in Indian festivals and ceremonies.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Indian Banyan tree was declared India's national tree. It is remarkable for its aerial roots that grow down from branches to the ground forming additional trunks allowing the tree to spread over a vast area. A Banyan tree in Kolkata's Botanical Garden is considered one of the world's widest trees covering over 1.5 hectares. The Banyan is sacred in India and symbolises immortality and longevity.

Answer: D

Explanation: The Ganga was declared India's national river in 2008. It flows 2,525 km from the Gangotri glacier in Uttarakhand to the Bay of Bengal. It is the most sacred river in Hinduism and central to Indian civilisation. The Namami Gange programme launched in 2014 aims to clean and rejuvenate the Ganga. Major religious cities on the Ganga include Haridwar, Varanasi, Prayagraj and Patna.

Answer: A

Explanation: The Indian Rupee (₹) is the official currency of India. The symbol ₹ was designed by D. Udaya Kumar and officially adopted in 2010. The Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes while coins are issued by the Government of India. Indian banknotes are printed at presses in Nashik, Dewas, Mysore and Salboni. The rupee is divided into 100 paise though paise coins below 50 paise are no longer legal tender.

Answer: C

Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is called the Iron Man of India for his role in unifying 562 princely states into the Indian Union after independence in 1947. He was India's first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister. The world's tallest statue — Statue of Unity (182 metres) — in Gujarat was built in his honour in 2018. His birthday October 31 is celebrated as National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas).

Answer: B

Explanation: The United States Dollar (USD) is the official currency of the USA and the world's primary reserve currency. Most international trade and global commodity prices including oil are denominated in US Dollars. The Federal Reserve (Fed) is the central bank of the USA managing monetary policy. One dollar is divided into 100 cents. Dollar banknotes feature portraits of US Presidents and important national monuments.

Answer: A

Explanation: RADAR uses radio waves to detect the position, speed and direction of objects. It was developed in the 1930s and played a crucial role in World War II for detecting aircraft. Today radar is used in air traffic control, weather forecasting, naval navigation, speed guns for traffic enforcement and military applications. Weather radar helps predict storms and rainfall. India uses ISRO's weather satellites and ground-based radars for meteorology.

Answer: B

Explanation: The Great Wall of China is a series of fortification walls built over many centuries to protect Chinese states from invasions. The most famous sections were built during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The wall stretches approximately 21,196 km making it the world's longest man-made structure. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval World. The wall took millions of workers including soldiers and prisoners to build.

Answer: C

Explanation: Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 and made the world's first telephone call to his assistant Thomas Watson saying Mr. Watson come here I want to see you. Bell was born in Scotland and worked as a teacher of the deaf. The telephone revolutionised communication. Today mobile phones are used by over 8 billion people globally. India has over 1.1 billion mobile phone subscribers.

Answer: A

Explanation: The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It was designed by engineer Gustave Eiffel and built in 1889 for the 1889 World's Fair commemorating the French Revolution's centennial. At 330 metres it was the world's tallest man-made structure for 41 years. The Eiffel Tower receives about 7 million visitors annually making it the world's most-visited paid monument.

Answer: B

Explanation: Nobel Prizes are awarded annually in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economic Sciences. They were established by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel who invented dynamite. Nobel left most of his fortune to create the prizes in his will. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. Each prize includes a gold medal, diploma and cash prize of approximately 11 million Swedish kronor. Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Olympic Games is the world's most prestigious multi-sport event bringing together athletes from over 200 countries. The modern Olympics were revived in Athens, Greece in 1896 inspired by the ancient Greek Olympic Games held from 776 BC. The Summer Olympics are held every four years with the Winter Olympics also every four years (staggered by two years). The Olympic motto is Faster, Higher, Stronger — Together. India's best Olympic performance was 6 medals at Tokyo 2020 and Paris 2024. India is bidding to host the 2036 Olympics in Ahmedabad.

Answer: B

Explanation: DNA is the genetic material found in the nucleus of every living cell. It carries hereditary information from parents to offspring. Its double helix structure was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. DNA is made up of four bases — Adenine, Thymine, Guanine and Cytosine.

Answer: C

Explanation: Mitochondria produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They have their own DNA and are believed to have originated from ancient bacteria. Cells that need more energy like muscle cells have more mitochondria.

Answer: D

Explanation: Earth is called the Blue Planet because 71% of its surface is covered by water which appears blue from space. Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only planet known to support life. Earth has one natural satellite — the Moon.

Answer: D

Explanation: When skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) rays from sunlight the body produces Vitamin D. It is essential for calcium absorption helping build strong bones and teeth. Deficiency causes rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults. Morning sunlight between 7-10 AM is the best source.

Answer: C

Explanation: Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution. He was a jurist, economist, politician and social reformer who fought for the rights of Dalits. He was India's first Law Minister. The Constitution is the world's longest written constitution with 448 Articles and 12 Schedules.

Answer: C

Explanation: India gained independence from British rule on August 15, 1947 after nearly 200 years of colonial rule. Jawaharlal Nehru became India's first Prime Minister and hoisted the national flag at Red Fort Delhi. Independence Day is celebrated every year on August 15 as a national holiday.

Answer: D

Explanation: Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal in Agra between 1632 and 1653 in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. About 20,000 workers built it over 20 years. It is made of white marble and is considered one of the finest examples of Mughal architecture. UNESCO declared it a World Heritage Site in 1983.

Answer: C

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose (Netaji) gave the slogan Jai Hind meaning Victory to India. He founded the Indian National Army to fight the British. He famously said Give me blood and I will give you freedom. His birthday January 23 is celebrated as Parakram Diwas.

Answer: D

Explanation: The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean covering about 165 million square kilometres — more than all of Earth's land area combined. The Mariana Trench in the Pacific is the deepest point on Earth at about 11,000 metres. It borders Asia on the west and Americas on the east.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Ganga is the longest river in India flowing 2,525 km from the Gangotri glacier in Uttarakhand to the Bay of Bengal. It is India's most sacred river. Major cities on the Ganga include Haridwar, Varanasi, Prayagraj and Patna. The Yamuna and Ghaghara are its major tributaries.

Answer: C

Explanation: Mount Everest is the world's highest mountain at 8,849 metres located on the Nepal-Tibet border. It was first climbed by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Sherpa on May 29, 1953. It is called Sagarmatha in Nepali and Chomolungma in Tibetan.

Answer: D

Explanation: The Bengal Tiger was declared India's national animal in 1973 when Project Tiger was launched. India has over 3,600 wild tigers — about 75% of the world's total. Project Tiger has successfully increased India's tiger count from 1,411 in 2006 to 3,682 in 2022 across 55 tiger reserves.

Answer: C

Explanation: The Indian Peacock was declared India's national bird in 1963. The male peacock is known for its magnificent tail feathers. The peacock is associated with Indian culture and religion — Lord Krishna wears a peacock feather. Peacocks are found across the Indian subcontinent.

Answer: D

Explanation: Sachin Tendulkar is called the God of Cricket for his unmatched batting records. He scored 100 international centuries — 51 in Tests and 49 in ODIs. He holds records for most runs in both Test and ODI cricket. He won the Bharat Ratna in 2014 becoming the first sportsperson to receive India's highest civilian honour.

Answer: B

Explanation: The CPU is the brain of a computer that executes all program instructions. It performs arithmetic calculations and logical operations. Modern CPUs have multiple cores allowing them to process several tasks simultaneously. CPU speed is measured in GHz. Common manufacturers include Intel and AMD.

Answer: C

Explanation: The World Wide Web was invented by British scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN. It is a system of interlinked web pages accessed through the internet using a web browser. Berners-Lee made the WWW freely available to all without patents making it the foundation of the information age.

Answer: B

Explanation: ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) was founded on August 15, 1969 and is headquartered in Bengaluru. Major achievements include Chandrayaan-3 lunar south pole landing in 2023 and SpaDeX space docking in 2025. ISRO's current chairman is V. Narayanan appointed in January 2025.

Answer: C

Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel is called the Iron Man of India for unifying 562 princely states into the Indian Union after independence in 1947. He was India's first Deputy Prime Minister. The Statue of Unity (182 metres) in Gujarat was built in his honour in 2018. His birthday October 31 is National Unity Day.

Answer: D

Explanation: Abhinav Bindra won India's first individual Olympic gold medal in 10m Air Rifle shooting at the Beijing Olympics 2008. Before Bindra India had only won team gold medals in field hockey. He trained extensively in Germany and built a personal shooting range at home in Chandigarh.

Answer: C

Explanation: India's Chandrayaan-3 made a historic soft landing near the Moon's south pole on August 23, 2023 making India the first country to achieve this feat. The lander was named Vikram and the rover Pragyan. August 23 is now celebrated as National Space Day. The south pole may contain water ice deposits.